Research Essay-Pre Revolutionary Thinkers

Over the past several weeks, looking out of the window of my modest home and seeing wave after wave of British marauders marching toward the city of Boston, some miles from my own home, my mind wanders to exactly what has taken place over the past several years in the fight for independence for our colonies, and what the future will hold. As a person of means and education, I consider myself infinitely qualified to comment on such matters, and in doing so, have also studied the writings and ideas of the leaders of our revolution, in order to be able to comment about the same.First, my mind wanders back to the year 1765, when we in the colonies sought to oppose the British attempt to extort monies from us via the Stamp Act, which had as its premise the collection of taxes in order to improve the living conditions and inner workings of the colonies (Ferling, 2002) , but in reality, to those of us who could see through the smoke of British muskets being aimed at us, it was nothing more than a legal form of blackmail, for the taxes that we were being compelled to pay gave us no more of a voice in the halls of British Parliament than the common slave would in fact have.When it was said that taxation without representation is nothing more than tyranny, the words rang true in my ears and in my heart. If the British Crown truly wishes to be able to legitimately collect taxes from the colonists, we must be able to exercise our basic freedoms and enjoy the protection of the Crown, including a voice in the halls of Parliament.Benjamin Franklin, a learned man of science and politics as well as a well traveled diplomat, has stated time and time again that all men are entitled to liberty (Watson, 2003); not the kind of liberty that has conditions of allegiance to a distant ruler attached to it, but the kind of liberty that is completely pure and noble- one that allows everyone to be able to pursue their own interests, contribute to the well-being of the common good, and be a ble to enjoy the blessing of raising one’s children in a free nation. One of Mr.Franklin’s best ideas is the plan that he has constructed for the unity of the colonies under one government (Watson, 2003); however, this plan must be clarified for one to truly understand both the simplicity and the beauty of it. Mr. Franklin does not advocate an allegiance to the British Empire, which has thus far added little of value to what we are doing here in the colonies, but rather a freely elected government, with the people choosing the members of the government and that government working at the interests of the people, not oppressing or opposing them.This is something that is seriously lacking in the thoughts and actions of the English, who believe that we colonists could be stacked like cordwood and used when necessary, ignored the rest of the time. Not only is this ridiculous, but it also makes cleared the importance of what Mr. Franklin has offered thus far. Mr. Franklin is not alone in these beliefs, nor has he been forced to carry the torch of liberty on his own. Yet another brilliant liberator of the colonists can be found in the person of Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.As a prolific writer as is Mr. Franklin, Jefferson has put pen to paper and created a declaration of the independence that we seek from the Crown of England. While this document has not been intended to fire up controversy, it has raised the anger of those that would hold us back from our destiny, and will surely cause many problems going forward, before it is able to achieve its ultimate goal of freeing us from our political and economic bondage (Dershowitz, 2003).The Jeffersonian ideal of self government, as he proclaims, is worthwhile to consider, for within it, he feels that if men are given the ability to lead themselves and achieve their own destinies, not only will their nation, but future generations and the whole of mankind will be enriched for all time (Eicholz, 2001). The i ssue of independence goes so much deeper than the everyday lives of colonists; the issue cuts right to the will of the human race to be free and to lead themselves.While mistakes surely will and must happen from time to time, these mistakes will take place in an atmosphere of freedom, which is the naturally desirable state of man (Volo, 2003) These gentlemen are worthy of consideration from everyone who would be free for this reason if no other. For all of this talk of independence, I have not yet given much of my own impressions of the goings on and where I think everything will eventually lead. First, let me say this- I believe that it is the will of God almighty that these colonies be able to become something on their own and develop a system of government beyond the shadow of England’s heavy hand.America offers the bounty of the land, a hardworking population, and all of the materials that one would need to meet their needs- physical and spiritual. With these gifts from G od in place, it is inconceivable that He would have us do anything else but to fight as hard as we need to in order to gain freedom and self responsibility. My sentiments are echoed throughout the land; of course, the men who are gathered in Philadelphia have made this abundantly clear through their speech and written words, and the common citizen has shown their interest in the cause by taking up arms when necessary to fight for their lands, hearths and families.Because we all have put in the labor and money to build homes, plant crops, and establish industry, we should enjoy the fruits of those labors without having to hand over the fruits to greedy dictators from across the sea who would take as much as we could give. This raises the question of where to go from here; all effort must be made to keep our colonies strong through faith, hard work, and lawful behavior (Volo, 2003). Without these factors in place, we would surely fail, but this is not the case.We have at our disposal all of the tools that we will need to forge the freedom and keep the peace. In conclusion, after taking an educated look at what Mr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson and their colleagues have thought and practiced in this effort to gain recognition as a nation, away from the oppression of the British crown, I am of like mind with these gentlemen and their confederates. It is essential that we follow this path to its logical conclusion, for while the actions may be risky, the consequences of inaction are even more so pricey. ReferencesDershowitz, A. (2003). America Declares Independence. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Eicholz, H. L. (2001). Harmonizing Sentiments: The Declaration of Independence and the Jeffersonian Idea of Self Government. New York: Peter Lang. Ferling, J. (2002). Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press. Volo, D. D. , & M. Volo, J. (2003). Daily Life during the American Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pr ess. Watson, J. (2003). Ben Franklin, Protector of Americans Abroad. Biography, 26(3), 438+.

Decision-Making Process Paper Essay

My name is Jovon Roberson, I will be discussing my decision making process. I will try to supply research supporting my ideas. The paper will describe some steps of my process. I will compare some similarity to the text, and explain how some of the steps might be different. Most decisions people make in their life time will definitely be easy and some maybe very difficult. I truly believe that each individual is in control of their own destiny and in complete control of the decisions they have to make in their life time. My decision to start school was clearly decided right after I was terminated from my job. I was ill at the time and desperately needed to file for the family medical leave of absence so my job would not be in jeopardy, but that was a total loss. Once terminated I clearly had to make some important decisions about the future of my son and I, while thinking long and hard about how I was going to make ends meet. I had a discussion with one of my best friends and I came to the grips that I needed more than what I was getting and this really was my only option going to school. My steps are somewhat different from the ones in the text, but it is clear they there were important steps to take while making my decision to go back to school and I really believe it was one of the best decision I could have made. My decisions would have been different very different but in reality the the steps in the text provided more proper steps and they would have been a more thought out process for me butat the same time my decision would have been the same. It would have been precise, more thought out some plans would have been setup, and short term goals would have been set, long term goals would have been into play and set as well. More thought would have been there to back everything up not just the goals set in my head they would have been on paper in black and white. I would have been better prepared for all my future intents. People gather and evaluate information when they face major decisions or milestones in their lives. The internet has become a more important source of information as people gain experience and as they embrace broadband (Copyright 2012 Pew Internet & American Life Project). In this paper I have discussed some similarity to the text, and explain how some of the steps might be different. The decisions people make in their life time will definitely be easy and some maybe very difficult and how I truly believe that each individual is in control of their own destiny and in complete control of the decisions they have to make in their life time. I hope I have covered everything in this paper that you have asked for. I thank you for your attention and your time. References: Copyright 2012 Pew Internet & American Life Project http://pewinternet.org/Topics/Activities-and-Pursuits/Decision-Making.aspx?typeFilter=5

Accounting Information is Objective and Neutral- myassignmenthelp

This reflection is undertaken in order to have an understanding about accounting information. Accounting is a key part of the recording the financial transactions and thereby all the financial transactions are maintained in an effective manner. I have observed that there are several characteristics of accounting information and accounting has been a subject of sustainable development from year to year and therefore there has been a development of several regulations and concepts which have been incorporated in order to assist the accountants to display the correct picture. The double entry system was introduced globally and thereby it became the foundation of accounting and in the current time period it has become one of the significant tools for understanding the profitability of an entity, but even even the liquidity and the total performance in relation to the debts and the other factors that are non-financial in nature. I have observed that because of the fact that there have been high stake level that is involved and significance is given in order to restrict the stakeholders from being misinformed and therefore the accounting entities and the other governing bodies have taken measures in order to control the level of misstatements and this explains that accounting is objective in nature. The accounting information has certain amount of objective and it is seen that all the different level of accounting information have their unique objective and thereby tries to reduce misstatements. I have even observed that neutrality is even a characteristic of accounting information. Neutrality is even known as the quality of independence from biasness. Neutrality explains that during the formulation or the incorporation of the standards, the main issue is relevance and information reliability that improves and not has an impact that the new rule may have on a specific interest. It is seen that a neutral selection among the accounting substitutes are free from bias towards a prearranged outcome. The objectives of the financial statements serve towards users of various different data who have different interests and none of the prearranged outcome is likely to be suitable to the users. I can therefore state that accounting information and practices are determined impartially with no objective of focused bias for any type of user. I have noticed that there have been significant level of transformation in the process of accounting and accounting information with the advent of time as there have been several new kinds and mechanisms that have been introduced in order to enhance the process of accounting. Accounting information has significant level of value and it is seen that value of the accounting information is used by the users and the accountants in order to find out the result that is suitable for them. It is seen that there has been a fall in the value of accounting information with the transformation in the accounting standards. I feel that accounting information has an effective role to play with the help of which economic decision making can take place and thereby improvement in the operational plan and business decisions relating to various aspects can be undertaken.   Givoly, D., Hayn, C. and Katz, S., 2017. The changing relevance of accounting information to debt holders over time. Review of Accounting Studies, 22(1), pp.64-108. Magnan, M., Menini, A. and Parbonetti, A., 2015. Fair value accounting: information or confusion for financial markets?. Review of Accounting Studies, 20(1), pp.559-591. Prasad, A. and Green, P., 2015. Organizational competencies and dynamic accounting information system capability: impact on AIS processes and firm performance. Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), pp.123-149. Sudaryanti, D., Sukoharsono, E.G., Baridwan, Z. and Mulawarman, A.D., 2015. Critical Analysis on Accounting Information Based On Pancasila Value. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, pp.533-539.

Structures of politics and government in Lebanon Essay

Structures of politics and government in Lebanon - Essay Example Structures of politics and government in Lebanon Lebanon shares geographic boundaries with Syria and Israel, and has been locked in contrasting relationships with both, with Syria being a dominant influence in the politics and governance structures of Lebanon since the 1970’s at least, and with Israel being the focal point of strife for the country having been involved in sporadic conflicts with certain Israeli groups, culminating in a short war in 2006. Syria, on the other hand, had a long stay as a military occupier of Lebanon that stretched from 1976 all the way to 2005, with its grip on many of the forces that control Lebanese politics and government continuing even way after the cessation of the occupation. A long civil war stretching from 1975 to 1990 left deep political scars, with sectarian groups coming to dominate the lines of division among the different political groups and ensuring that political struggles are protracted, bitter and fraught with disunity and the lack of political goodwill among the competing pol itical sects. The end of the civil war in 1991, in particular, marked the beginning of another period of relative peace that would end with the war with Israel in 2005, confirming the observation of Lebanon’s pattern of 15 years of transition from peace to war to peace and war again, in timed intervals. By way of an overview, the Republic of Lebanon has its capital in Beirut and officially marks its day of independence as a state on November 22, 1943. The Lebanese Constitution was ratified on May 22, 1926, and has undergone three changes, with the last of the amendments coming in in 1990, relating to required changes from the 1989 Talif Accord. Three religious threads, Jewish, Christian and Muslim sway laws relating to social and personal relations, even as influences from the Old Ottoman legal system and French law also dominate the system of laws in the country. 21 years is the age when Lebanese men acquire the right to vote, and for women the same age applies, but with restrictions to vo ting being only allowed women who have primary education. The current head of state, Michel Sulayman, has been president since 2008. The entire cabinet of Najib Miqati, together with Prime Minister Miqati himself, relinquished their posts on March 22, 2013, leaving the government in the hands of a caretaker group headed by the President, until the country is able to replace the resigned Prime Minister. The country is divided into six administrative regions, with Beirut or Beyrouth being the most prominent as a political and economic center of the country. Under the Lebanese political system, the president holds office for six years, and chooses the prime minister in partnership with Lebanese Congress called the National Assembly, which acts in a consultative manner in matter relating to

Samsung Galaxy XCover Snowfield Advert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Samsung Galaxy XCover Snowfield Advert - Essay Example It is, arguably, the leading Smartphone manufacturer in the contemporary society. Cheil, a Chinese advertising company based in Beijing, China prepared the Samsung Galaxy X Cover Snowfield advert and published it in October 2011. The advertisement is a creative play of the idea that the Samsung X Cover device is so high-tech, that it will be the ultimate guide to the user even in destinations that they have never visited. In their words, ‘Just like you have been there.’ The mobile advert generally portrays a relatable mood of adventure and curiosity. The advert is rich in color from the subject matter to the general serene surrounding. On the Samsung Galaxy X Cover: Snowfield advert the setting is on the top cap of a mountain. The background is beautiful, bright and oozes an undeniable sense of natural tranquility. This is the ideal destination for explorers and tourists. For the free-spirited individuals, it is the epitome of a good time. The authors of this mobile adve rt clearly envisioned the young, fun-loving and free-spirited people as their target audience when they set out to create this advert. The subject in this advert is a young male who is set out to have the best skiing ride of his life (Hope 79). The angle focus is perfect for it clearly implies how the skiing will take place. The target audience for this advert relates to the setting since almost everyone has or strives for a dream destination or an adventurous quest. The appeal of pathos in this mobile advert is achieved by connecting.

UK Buss Market - The Competitive Environment Essay

UK Buss Market - The Competitive Environment - Essay Example Competition plays a very important role in the growth of a market and economy. Increasing competition is the most effective way of enhancing the welfare of the consumers. Competition breeds entrepreneurship, creativity, innovation and increases the efficiencies of the firms. It also results in low prices along with better services and products for the consumers. But perfect competition is very difficult to achieve as firms in a market continuously try to beat the competition and increase barriers to entry. Firms at time even come up with strategies and partner with rivals to keep new firms from entering the market. UK Bus Market – Background It has been 25 years since the UK Bus market was deregulated but still only a handful of firms account for the majority of the market. The competition in the market has stagnated and the existing big firms know that they have very little to worry with respect to new firms entering the market or existing firms challenging their market dominance. As a result of this there is no drive among the firms to innovate or improve the services. Pricing is also on the higher end negatively affecting the consumers. Also it has been found that the existing firms have avoided competing with each other with the intention to protect their territories. Firms have used short-term measures to ensure rival markets quit the market (BBC, 2011). There are around 1,245 bus companies in UK but 70% the market is accounted by Stagecoach, Go-Ahead, FirstGroup, Arriva and National Express. Competition Commission has proposed numerous measures to increase the competition in the market (BBC, 2011).... duct-Performance (S-C-P) model is an effective tool developed by economists to understand the relationship between relationship between the market performance, conduct and structure (Faulkner & Campbell, 2006). Even though the casual view is that the structure of a market determines conduct of the firms in the market and in turn the performance of the both the firms and the markets it is not always reliable. It is possible that conduct of firms in a market can affect the market structure, for example collusive prising agreements affects the structure of the market. It is also true that the performance of firms can affect the structure of the market, for example best performing firms in a non-homogenous market exert great market domination. Therefore, in the current context, the structure, conduct and performance will be analysed individually and then summarised collectively in the next section. Structure of UK Bus Market The most important characteristic of market structure is the nu mber of firms in the market. Even though there are around 1,245 firms in the market, the market is dominated by five firms whose collective market share is about 70% (BBC, 2011). The UK bus market is an oligopoly as it is controlled by a 5 major firms (Banister, 2002). The five-firm concentration ratio of the UK bus market is 66.7 Entry costs into the market are high as it demands huge capital investments to set up the service and have it running. Also the sunk costs of the market are high which has made it less contestable. The service offered here is non-homogenous and the firms have the opportunity to differentiate themselves from the competitors through different marketing and branding strategies. Economies of scale is absent in the market. The Bus market is greatly vertically

Friedrich Nietzsche Beyond Good and Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Friedrich Nietzsche Beyond Good and Evil - Essay Example The main ideas explored by Nietzsche include the death of God, the will of power, Urbermensch, amorfati, perspectivism and the eternal recurrence. The idea that is central to his philosophy is the life-affirmation idea involving an honest questioning of all manner of doctrines that drain the expansive energy of life. This paper explores Netzsche philosophy cutting across his terminologies, as well as his philosophical reasoning. The paper discusses Netzsche’s philosophy of â€Å"Beyond good and Evil† with the major focus on Prejudices of life. Nietzsche used many terminologies in his quest to explain his philosophical reasoning. Among them include Nihilism, Master morality and slave morality, Ubermensch, Amorfati and the eternal recurrence. Nietzsche viewed nihilism as what comes out of repeated frustration while looking for the truth. He saw nihilism as latent presence in the foundations of the culture of Europeans, seeing it as a requirement for approaching the destin y. He talks about the cruelty ladder of religion which suggests Nihilism emanating from the intellectual Christianity conscience. Nihilism involves sacrificing the meaning brought about by God in our lives for the object truth. Netzche claims that there exist two types of morality (Nietzsche 56). These are the master morality springing actively from any noble man and the slave morality which builds up reactively in a weak man. The two moralities are not restrained inversions of each other but rather they represent different value systems. He asserted that master morality fits an action in a scale of either good or bad. Slave morality, on the other hand, fits the action in scales of good or evil. His terminology beyond Good and Evil is a way of rejection of metaphysics leads him to deny the moral fact. According to him, there is nothing said to be intrinsically good or bad with no consideration of content. Nietzsche is of argument that morality started when people began associating g ood to what was found to be beneficial and associating bad with what it was considered harmful. He goes on affirming that denying that moral judgment is not based on truths does not mean that acts conventionally known as good need not be encouraged and some considered bad need not be avoided. However, he rejects the absolutism in morality requiring both the weak ones and the strong ones. Nietzsche refers to genealogical element of force as being the will to power. The term geological in this context refers to the differential and generic (Nietzsche 42). The phrase the will to power is termed as the differential element of force. In this case, he implies the element which brings about the differences in the quantity forces whose relation is to be presupposed. Will to power is in this case presumed to be a generic element of force meaning an element producing the quantity that is due to each force. The principle of the will to power does not suppress any chance but contrarily, it impl ies it, since, without having chance, it would not change. Chance is used to mean the bringing of force into relation. The will to power is an addition to force and might only be added to that comes about due to chance. This will to power has some chance at the heart since the will to power is only capable of confirming all chances. Differences in quantity and the quality of force in relation are all derived from the will to power as

Lululemon's exploration of England Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lululemon's exploration of England - Case Study Example Lululemon is a premium brand offered at premium prices which make it near to impossible for the competitors to imitate. Lululemon believes on community involvement in its business and thus allows others to imitate its products or technology used to manufacture products. This business practice is in alignment with Lululemon’s â€Å"doing-the-right-thing† initiative. The aim was to support community members to take an active part in achieving excellence in healthy habits. But the competitors find it difficult to imitate Lululemon’s products or strategies because it is very costly and requires a great set of skills to produce a Lululemon’s product. The way Lululemon has structured its organizational hierarchy facilitates smooth functioning of the business. The headquarter is stationed in Canada where the product designing and concept manipulation is carried out. Moreover, the headquarters also handles the financial controlling function of the business. Whereas the business in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States is handled by the respective authorities in these countries so as to provide these subsidiaries autonomy over their business practices. This is beneficial in a manner, that it provides a room for the business to adopt the local taste and social structure to market products in an efficient manner. Although, the control of business related matter is in the hand of management of these local subsidiaries, the product manufacturing and financial controlling is still taken care by the head office.

Animal Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animal Rights - Essay Example â€Å"Unfortunately, there are many animals out there who are neglected and abused† (Wilson). There are various ways, which cause animal abuse or cruelty. Some of the ways include hunting, animal testing, fur trading, use of animals in sports, factory farming, and use of animals for entertainment purposes. Some ways of showing cruelty towards animals are termed as active cruelty in which a person or a group of people intentionally hurts an animal. For example, there is a game played in Spain in which a person fights with a bull and tortures the bull until death. This is a very unpleasant and cruel behavior towards animals. To eliminate such behaviors and other forms of cruelty, animal rights activists raise their voice. This is the most intense degree of animal cruelty, which needs to be taken seriously not only by the animal rights activists but also by the government of such countries where such incidents occur.Let us take another example of animal cruelty. It is a fact that a dairy cow must give birth frequently in order to be able to produce milk. In today’s farming industry, the dairy cows are made pregnant by artificial insemination so that they are able to give birth every year. The duration of pregnancy for a cow is the same as humans, that is, nine months. Thus, giving birth every year is a very tiresome job for a cow. Moreover, in some countries, people give special drugs to their cows and goats that make these animals produce milk much more than they can produce naturally. Although, use of such drugs makes cows produce more milk, they adversely affect the mental and physical health of cows. When the production of milk is greater than the quantity of calcium made in the cows’ body, it causes calcium deficiency. In addition, these cows are also slaughtered for human consumption just when they reach the age of 2 to 3 years. Zoo animals are another example of the violation of animal rights. In some countries, there is no proper management of zoological parks and animals are not given proper diet that they need to remain healthy. This is an extreme violation of animal rights because people earn money through animals that they keep under custody but do not give required attention towards their diet and health. In natural environments, animals are free to eat their desired food but when they are kept in zoos, they do not feel free and this affects their eating habits too. Animals are also used to transport heavy luggage from one place to another. Animals are animals, they cannot say no to their owners and even if they show some resistance due to weakness, their owners beat them and forcefully make them carry heavy loads. This is a very harsh example of the violation of animal rights. Summing it up, it is very inhumane to violate the rights of animals. The acts like using animals for carrying heavy loads, keeping them in zoos, and using artificial means to make them produce more milk fall under the

Politics Through Chinese History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Politics Through Chinese History - Essay Example The basis of Chinese society was the family. A Chinese family consisted of grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, daughters-in-law, and servants. Family ties were very close. Every member of the family was duty-bound to safeguard the family honor and prestige. If a son did something wrong, he and the family will lose face, that is, disgraced. The parents were the absolute masters in the family. They arranged the marriage of the children and decided what professions they would take. Disobedience to parents was regarded as a serious sin. If the father died, the oldest son took his place. A family with many children was believed to be blessed by the gods. Women had few rights. Their place was at home. Their duties were to serve the men, to take care of the children and to attend to household work. They also worked in the fields like male laborers. The economic life in Old China centered on agriculture. About 80% of the Chinese people were peasants who lived in villages and toiled daily in their small farms. Those without farms were engaged in various industries such as bakery, carpentry, brickmaking, weaving, and retail merchandising. (Grousset, p. 99) Guilds existed in China long before they were established in Medieval Europe. A guild was an association of men engaged in an occupation. Hence, there were merchant’s guilds, baker’s guilds, musicians’ guilds, and carpenters’ guilds. The guilds fixed the prices of goods, determined wages, and working conditions, and looked after the welfare of the members. In matters of religion, the Chinese were very practical. They were deeply concerned about the gods, religious dogmas, and the future life. Heaven to them was abstract thing. They simply worshipped their ancestors and gods and paid homage to heaven and earth, mountains in other objects of nature. They were free from religious bigotry. They were free from being Confucians, Taoists and Buddhists at the same time. (Labourette, p. 56) Political life in Old China was regulated by Confucian precepts. At the head of the empire was the Emperor, who was regarded as the "Son of the Heaven." He ruled by the "mandate of heaven", that is, by permission of the gods. If he became corrupt, he immediately lost the mandate of heaven, and the people can overthrow him by revolution and place another ruler on the throne. (Labourette, p. 54) Below the emperor was a bureaucracy consisting of ministers, viceroys and governor

Tuition Reimbursement Paper Essay Example for Free

Tuition Reimbursement Paper Essay Often regret their decision. Adults with this degree find that they do not need to prove themselves in every position as much as those with a two-year degrees. Applicants with four-year degrees are hired before two-year degree applicants in most white collar career fields. Upward Mobility-adults with bachelor degrees have greater opportunities for corporate upward mobility, than those without this degree. Scholarships and Grants-Most scholarships and many grants are only eligible to students enrolled in bachelor degree programs. Cost-the tuition costs for a bachelors degree is more expensive compared to nrolling in an associate program. The average cost was $13,424 per academic year for public four-year schools and $30,393 for private four-year schools in 2008 (National Center for Educational Statistics, Fast Facts, 2007-2008). Student Loan debt often places graduates in financial hardship for years following graduation. One thing about the money is that the company will be helping the employees with the tuition so it will be a little easier for them to get started with the program. The employees wont have to worry about getting in debt. Since we have been doing so ood this year, we have provided a budget for this program and any employees who want to go back to college. This is not mandatory for employees. This program will be for employees who are interested in going back to school and dont already have a bachelors degree ( even if they have an associates degree). Some benefits of a bachelors degree According to http://www. ehow. com/facts_5139903 _benefits-bachelors-degree. html and the U. S. Census Bureau, the average lifetime earnings of someone with a bachelors degree is $2. million. A high school graduate can expect to earn $1. 2 illion over his or her lifetime, while a person holding an associates degree can expect average lifetime earnings of $1. 6 million. People with bachelors degrees have higher savings because of their higher incomes, so they can engage in more hobbies and participate in more leisure activities. When it comes to skills, the skills n ecessary to succeed in college and earn a bachelors degree are time management, responsibility, critical thinking skills, ability to communicate. These skills come into play at work as well. It is also important to choose the right college too. The type of ollege that the employees choice will be very important because accredited colleges will be looked for in resumes when hiring. Employers want people not only to have a good education, but to have an education from a really good college. Degrees from accredited colleges and universities are typically valued higher than degrees from schools that are not accredited because of the standards they must meet. Benefits for the company There are many benefits for the employees for getting their bachelors degree. But, there are also great benefits for a company that hires employees who have their achelors degree. One of the benefits is having more time to spend towards the company. Employers wont have to worry about training new employees if they have the experience and skills needed for the Job. Employers can spend that time on things they need to do for the company and less time trying to teach new employers things they should already know. Also, having employees who have a good education from good schools are always well respected for having highly educated employees. It makes the company look good and gives them a good reputation.

Macro Management Scheme in NEMO Environment

Macro Management Scheme in NEMO Environment An enhanced Macro Management Scheme in NEMO Environment to Achieve Seamless Handoff Qoutibah AlAssi 1. Abstract In NEMO(NETWORK MOBILITY) and when they are connected to the Internet through mobile or even laptops and during the move from one place to another process occurs disconnect this process its output practically at the point of contact with SMR within the network NEMO have changed any that HA(HOME AGENT) was Mtaatsal with SMR in the network and moved ha to another area and want SMR in other network to communicate with ha and thus the transformation of the SMR to SMR Other. During the handoff process that leads to the loss of Internet connection and thus can not ha sending and receiving the packet data and this leads to a loss of packet data and delay during normal time. And wont to shows that proposed scheme outperforms the standard NEMO BSP in terms of packet loss (packet loss less than 6%) COA: CARE OF ADDRESS. BU MESSAGE: BINDING UPDATE. RO : ROUTER OPTIMIZATION. MBB: MAKE-BEFORE-BREAK. MNN: MOBILE NETWORK NODES. LMA : LOCAL MOBILITY ANCHORS. LMD : LOCAL MOBILITY DOMAIN. LFN : LOCAL FIXED NODE. 2. Introduction: In NEMO BSP and during cutting and re-connect only Coa in SMR is capable of recording HA, which affects the process of completing handoff in terms of packet loos and the delay One solution that will be shown off here is the use of macro mobility mangement scheme for NEMO network, which integrates improved fhmipv6 with the mobile network This leads to speed handoff mechanism for SMR handoff with LFN in NEMO network There are two well known mechanisms in internet mobility to reduce the handoff delay are classified into host mobility HMIPV6, FMIPV6, HMIPV6)as well as the network mobility(NEMO BSP)[1-3]. According to host mobility , the main purpose of HMIPv6 is [4] to decrease the frequency and latency of location updates caused by MNs mobility where as the FMIPv6[5] can reduce the handover latency and packet loss during handover of MN through providing all the necessary information of next AR for layer 3 handover before going to the part of its subnet. Due to further reduce signaling overhead and packet loss, it is possible to use HMIPv6 and FMIPv6 jointly known as FHMIPv6 [6]. If these mechanisms are combined in NEMO environment then mobile. Node (MN) and mobile router(MR) performs different IP layer handoff. Hence it is needed to apply some mechanisms which are able to adapt improved FHMIPv6[7] in order to achieve uninterrupted internet connection during handoff for mobile routers with its nods in NEMO network [8]. As an extension of NEMO BSP, in this research some NEMO based handoff schemes have been analyzed in terms of packet loss and handoff delay. This research structured as follows: firstly, evaluates some mobility management schemes to achieve seamless handoff in NEMO network . then the detailed operation of the proposed schemes discussed. After that, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated via network simulator (NS-2). 3. Research Problem: In NEMO and when they are connected to the Internet through mobile or even laptops and during the move from one place to another process occurs disconnect this process its output practically at the point of contact with SMR within the network NEMO have changed any that HA was Mtaatsal with SMR in the network and moved ha to another area and want SMR in other network to communicate with ha and thus the transformation of the SMR to SMR Other. During the handoff process that leads to the loss of Internet connection and thus can not ha sending and receiving the packet data and this leads to a loss of packet data and delay during normal time. And wont to shows that proposed scheme outperforms the standard NEMO BSP in terms of packet loss (packet loss less than 6%) 4. Literature Review: There are several extensions of NEMO Basic Support Protocol (NEMO BSP) in order to allow multihoming, nested mobile networking and the route optimization. The authors in paper [9], presents a new architecture and mechanism in order to optimize the routing mechanisms in nested mobile networks for NEMO basic support and the performance analysis of this new architecture is properly done for reducing the handoff latency. In accordance with the proposed mechanism, two types of Mobile Router (MR) are distinguished primarily. MRs which have direct access to the infrastructure via their egress interfaces, are denoted as TLMRs for Top Level MRs. All others mobile routers in the nested mobile network are denoted as IMRs for Intermediate Mobile Routers. The proposed solution is achieved by adding functionality to the Mobile Nodes/ Mobile Routers (MN/MR) and Home Agents (HA). A new one-bit field R is added to the Router Advertisement (RA) messages. This field is set to 1 by MR and inform other nodes that they are connected to a mobile/moving network. As soon as a MR connects to a new point of attachment and receives a new CoA, it starts advertisin g a RA message in its mobile network after setting the field R to 1. When a new MR visits this mobile network and receives a RA with the field R set to 1, it behaves as an IMR as shown in Figure 1. With the intention of providing information about the CoA of Mobile Nodes, a new â€Å"CoA option† is added to binding ppdate messages. Indeed except the new CoA option field, there is no additional message or overhead in this scheme. By applying this mechanism it is possible to avoid any ingress filtering mechanism. Additionally the home address of the BU message is added to the security policy, so that packets originated from this address can be forwarded. This solution minimizes the registration delay component of the overall handoff latency to some extent. However it is still an open issue for current researchers. Fig1: Mobility management in nested mobile network [9] In [10], explains an adaptive NEMO support protocol which formulates the use of the HMIPv6 and NEMO basic support protocols. Depending on the SMR in the adaptive NEMO support protocol, utilizes the adaptive BU strategy. This is the main feature differentiating a mobile network. When the SMR is low it is essential to decrease the number of BUs which is the main reason to use the adaptive BU whereas when the SMR is high then the number of tunneling is reduced. By using the adaptive mechanism, it is shown that the adaptive NEMO support protocol is scalable and works sound for different mobile environments as well as improves the performance because of low SMR as well. Hence, this technique is most significant for the NEMO networks. However, further research need to reduce implementation overhead in order to SMR measurement with security concern. In [11], explains the measurement of the performance of NEMO in a NEMO tested with explored the handoff performance and routing overheads in NEMO network. In addition, this paper also explained the non- optimized handoff performance of NEMO is not appropriate for the sensitive applications, like voice-over-IP since handoff delays. The handoff delay in NEMO BSP is up to 2.75 s. Moreover, it is also shown that routing overheads in NEMO BSP makes the use of scarce wireless network resources inefficiently. Therefore, to overcome the shortcomings of NEMO BSP, they propose a new handover scheme Make-Before-Break (MBB) handoffs to use multiple interfaces simultaneously as well as expanded OptiNets RO scheme. The advantages of the MBB handoffs is that it makes possible to take the advantage of high-speed of mobile router but has short range radio technologies except cooperating the service that it proposes to mobile network nodes (MNN). However, the possible limitation to use multiple interf aces in mobile devices, like an increase in power consumption, interference originated by the usage of multiple interfaces with increasing size and cost. But these limitations are only applicable for the mobile host. It does not give the restriction of using multiple interfaces on MRs for the do not limit the use of multiple interfaces on MRs to the similar level. Extended OptiNets RO scheme has increase performance to remove the packet overhead in NEMO BSP. Therefore it can be said that MBB handoff scheme with the extended OptiNets RO scheme improve the performance with highly sensitive application in terms of packet loss and delay. Moreover in [12], presents a modified fast-Integrated light-NEMO handoff scheme which combines the Modified Fast Integrated-Handover scheme and the Light- NEMO network model due to achieve a seamless handoff in nested mobile networks with analytical results. The advantages of this scheme are that it decrease the handoff delay as well as improve the service disruption time during the handoff. However, further improvement is needed to achieve seamless handoff completely by applying appropriate route optimization mechanism. In [13], presents a solution of route optimization based on multihoming mechanism in local mobility management framework named as multihoming-LRO. The proposed scheme gives the solution for optimized route as well as supports fast handover. Here, Multiple local mobility anchors(LMAs) requests for mobile node(MN) connecting to it with replacing information to each other within same local mobility Domain (LMD). In multihoming-LRO, it is possible for mobile router (MR) to connect to outside with having multiple mobile routers. When central link is not good in quality then MR can attach to secondary LMA earlier than primary link is stoppedthrough identifying the main LMA and secondary LMA as well as setting two threshold of link performance. If MR require then two links are able to provide concurrently to MR. when one link is not work well, then it is possible for MR to communicate with other node by the help of another link. Therefore, it is possible to improve robustness with providing self-recovery as well as smaller binding cache. Fast handover intra-LMD and inter-LMD can be performed easily through establishing new link before disconnecting old one. This scheme generates only one tunnel between the closest MR and it’s HA. Hence it can decrease the forward and reverse date path without registration with it’s HA again when MR moves inside LMD. As a result,signaling cost is reduced. Moreover, the control of nested-NEMO’s topo logy that is actively altered will be improved through moving the mobility management function to fix node from mobile node. In this scheme, no need to add signal cost when topology of the total nested-NEMO is modified with remaining MR in bone- network However, how to measuring link’s performance is still an active research area. 5. Research Objectives: Enhanced Macro Mobility Scheme: In order to minimize handoff delay as much as possible in NEMO network, this paper presents an enhanced Macro Mobility managementscheme in NEMO environment which can be identified as MM-NEMO scheme for further reduction of handoff delay. It is assumed that each MAP has MAP Information Table (MIT) that stores information of all neighboring MRs and it is possible to share the information with the neighboring MAP in order to choose the New MR (NMR). Additionally, after receiving Router Advertisement (RA) message, each MAP (CMAP, NMAP) will update the MIT as well [14]. The new LCoA and RCoA are created by CMAP in the place of the Serving MR (SMR) that shows that FBU message is not entailed for CMAP. Therefore, the FBU option is attached within the RtSolPr message as a replacement of the FBU message to perform handoff of the Serving MR with its Local Fixed Node (LFN) in order to accomplish the FBU in advance in NEMO environment. As a result, the CMAP can st art fast handoff while it receives RtSolPr from the SMR after L2 triggering. In the proposed scheme no new messages are required to be defined as the improved FHMIPv6 [7] is assumed to be integrated with mobile networks. Figure 2 illustrates the handoff operation of the proposed scheme and accordingly explained in details [15]: In the beginning, the SMR sends IRtSolPr message (with the I bit set as shown in Figure 3) to the CMAP through the CMR to allow the support of MM-NEMO. Since the I bit is set, then the CMAP will create a new LCoA and RCOA on behalf of the SMR. However, the SMR will follow NEMO BSP if I bit is not set. Once creating new LCoA, the CMAP sends the IPrRtAdv message to the SMR and also the handover Initiation (HI) message to the NMR which contains New LCOA (NLCOA). It can be seen that the SMR does not require to send the FBU to the CMAP. Rather it just needs to wait for the FLBAck message. The message format for IRtSolPr with FBU option is shown in Figure 3. Once the Handover Initiation (HI) message is sent to the NMR, the NMR executes Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) mechanism to confirm whether the new NLCoA is unique or not. If the address is not duplicated, the NMR sends the HAck message to the CMAP. After receiving the HAck message, the CMAP sends FLBAck message to the Serving MR to acknowledge the availability of the address. At the same time, Fast Local Binding Update (FLBU) is sent to NMAP that contains NRCoA for DAD operation to verify the SMR’s new RCOA. Concurrently, bi-directional tunnel is established between CMAP and NMR (which starts to buffer the packets sent to the SMR). After verifying the NRCoA, NMAP sends the FLBAck message to the SMR and BU message to it’s HA and CN consequently. Then layer 2 launchs handoff procedure and layer 3 connections will be cut. SMR sends FNA message to NMR when it arrives at NMAP domain. Subsequently, NMR transmits the buffered packet to the SMR. The SMR sends the Local Binding Update (LBU) message to NMAP after getting buffered packets from NMR. Simulation Approach: The simulation is carried out by the Network Simulator (NS2) [16] in order to determine the percentage of packet loss in the real scenarios. Packet loss has been used as performance metrics for proposed scheme. The parameters set in case of the simulated partof proposed scheme are: It is assumed, there are 4 SMRs and only 1 fixed Corresponding Node (CN), two Access Routers (e.g. NMR and CMR) which individually represent old connection (before handoff) and new connection (after handoff). The Serving MR’s moving speed is set to 5~60 Km/hr. The coverage area of the ARs (CMR, NMR) has been set to 200 Ãâ€" 200 m2. Fig. 2: Handoff procedure of Proposed Macro Mobility scheme [15] Fig. 3: FBU Option in Router Solicitation Proxy messag Fig. 4: Packet loss of the enhanced macro mobility scheme 6. References: Devarapalli, V., R. Wakikawa, A. Petrescu and P. Thubert, 2005. Network Mobility (NEMO) basicsupport protocol†, RFC 3963. Johnson, D.B., C.E. Parkins and J. Arkko, 2004. Mobility support in IPv6, RFC 3775. Perera, E., V. Sivaraman and A. Seneviratne, 2004. Survey on network mobility support, Mobile Computing and Communications Review. Soliman, H., C. Castelluccia, K. El Malki and L. Bellier, 2005. Hierarchical Mobile IPV6 Mobility Management (HMIPV6), RFC 4140, IETF. Koodli, R., et al., 2005. Fast Handover for Mobile IPV6, RFC 4068, IETF. Jung, H., et al., 2005. Fast Handover Support in Hierarchical Mobile IPV6, International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. Chen-wen, W. and W. Ping, 2009. Improved Fast Handover scheme for Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Education. Yoo, S., S. Choi and D. Su, 2009. Analysis of Fast Handover Mechanisms for Hierarchical MobileIPv6 Network Mobility, Wireless Pers Commun,48: 215-238. Sabeur, M., B. Jouaber and D. Zeghlache, 2005. MR-proxy based solution for Nested Mobile Network Problems, WPMC, Aalborg, Denmark. Pack, S., T. Kwon, Y. Choi and E. Park, 2009. An adaptive Network mobility support protocol inhierarchical mobile Ipv6 networks, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, at 1-1, 2009 Petander, H., E. Perera, KC. Lan and A. Seneviratne, 2006. Measuring and improving the performance of network mobility management in ipv6 networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,24(9): 1671-1681 Mohammed, B.A. and T. Wan, 2010. Modified Fast- Hua, L., L. Yuan-an and W. Qiu-tian, 2008. Fast handover and route optimization of multihoming based nested mobile networks, IEEE. Sheng, L., Y. Li Tsai, et al., 2010. An Efficient Fast Shayla Islam, A.H. Aisha-Hassan, M.K. Hasan,A.S. Rashid, O.O. Khalifa and O. Mahmoud, 2012.Macro Mobility Scheme in NEMO to support Seamless Handoff, International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering 2012 (ICCCE2012), doi: 10.1109/ICCCE.2012.6271186. Kong, R., 2008. The Simulation for Network Mobility based on NS2, In International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering.

Future Classroom With Innovative Designing Education Essay

Future Classroom With Innovative Designing Education Essay Though technology has brought about advancement in every field whether it is medicine, engineering, marketing, space or telecom technology, it is observed that there has been very little change in the basic concept and design of classrooms. By and large, the classrooms of today appear to be quite similar to that of nineties. Studies by eminent educationists indicate that it is the need of hour to bring forward innovative ideas in classroom designing and integrate it with different technological aids to overhaul our static classroom pattern. The future classroom should be designed with the objective of enhanced interaction among teachers and pupils as two way discussion have been found to be far more beneficial over old one way lecturing system. Further, integration of various multimedia aids to classroom gives a new dimension to the entire teaching learning process by making teaching interesting and meaningful. Thereby, contents are delivered to the students in the form of sounds, an imations and pictures. It greatly enhances learning as research has revealed that learners can better comprehend the sounds and pictures than words. Additionally, performance of the students can be evaluated on computers and thereby, instant feedback can be utilized to plan future strategies. *Teaching Associate, Department of Education, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa (Haryana). ** Asstt. Professor, Department of Education, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa (Haryana). The broad outlook of classrooms of today seems to be quite similar to that early 20th century classrooms. Instead of bringing a change to meet the contemporary needs, many of the pioneer institutes of international repute promote themselves on the basis of their historic and traditional credentials. Classrooms of today still display the centuries old tradition of being teacher focused, solely supporting the process of teaching, and in general overlooking the importance of learning. This one directional flow of information from teachers to students leads to passive learning. In such a highly constrictive classroom set up, there is little choice for the students and hence, it is not conducive for active learning. However with rapid strides in science and technology sector, our system of education is also evolving gradually and becoming more and more globalised. Influence of technology on our younger generations is changing nature of education. Hence to meet the present day needs, the e ntire education system needs to be revamped. Accordingly, the classrooms of future should be designed by infusing innovative ideas and optimum use of technology while keeping the basic concept of effective teaching-learning in mind. Technology is providing the much needed impetus for modernizing education systems across the globe. Though infusion of technology in education systems is far rapid in developed world, the need and awareness for technology-enabled education is gradually spreading across the developing nations like India as well. Further, with emergence of several public and private universities in India, education is changing fundamentally from schooling to universities. In the present manuscript, we have studied the need to change the classroom design, amalgamation of technology to the classrooms, its impact on teaching-learning process, obstacles in implementation of these innovative ideas and their effective solutions. NEED OF RE-DESIGNING THE CLASSROOM Advent of the new era of technology: The greatest impact on education systems today is that of rapidly growing technology. Technology has become so integral to our lives such that almost every activity involves the use of it in one way or the other. Even the young children are exposed to various technologies at very early stage. By the time, they go to schools; they become well acquainted to various technologies. They consider computers, wireless networks and other technological gadgets essential to life and they expect their teachers use technology. Hence, the teachers need to be tech savvy to meet the expectations of students and the standards of modern education systems. Changing attitudes: With the changing attitudes towards education systems, students want to be actively involved in discussion and debate. They want to discover knowledge rather than simply be told. Simultaneously they desire to learn by use of a range of multimedia resources. Hence, teachers cannot simply stand and deliver the information. This one way lecturing and passive listening needs to be replaced by the classroom designs and strategies which support the active discussion leading to the maximum retention by the students (Mai Neo, 2005). New methods: Students consider todays teaching and learning methods as predominantly static and one dimensional. They want more diverse styles to create regular interest and channelize their energy to maximize the output. They want interaction, spontaneity, community and mobility. Students today are equipped with laptops and wireless internet connections. They are as comfortable and effective in learning in the canteen or atrium as that of a lecture hall. There has been a shift from educational environments which support the passive acquisition of isolated facts, to environments in which the learner actively explores the world and constructs their own internal models of understanding. Hence, we need to overhaul the classroom patterns and designs to make the teaching learning most effective by inventing new strategies. Globalisation: With revolution in information and technology, the world has been virtually converted to a small village. With greater communication and mobility comes the choice, and students are becoming more and more selective with respect to the selection of universities/institutes and their careers. Hence, to attract and retain the best students and teachers from home and abroad, the universities and schools need to adopt innovation to stay competitive. DESIGNING CLASSROOM LAYOUT AND ITS IMPACT A study conducted by the Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) in Munich (Germany) revealed that innovation in design of classrooms significantly enhances the learning. The objective of the project was to improve classroom design in schools, to, support innovative approaches to collaborative learning and to evaluate the effects of different furniture and layouts on learning. They tested different room layouts, all designed to support group work (fixed, mobile, standing, and sitting).The results were very illuminating. In standing and more mobile positions, both accuracy of thinking and idea innovation were higher than when sitting down, but students felt marginally less comfortable working in a standing positions. Adapting the space layout according to the task significantly improved learning, decision making and teamwork. The success was dependant on clear instructions about how to use the layout and furniture and how to adapt it to the task. People needed time to adapt to the dynamics of a flexible mobile learning environment and feel comfortable. Hence, we need to shift to the classroom designing where the learner actively explores the world and constructs his/her own internal models of understanding.   THE CONCEPT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES The idea of multi-media concept in education, has gained momentum where the integration of voice, data and video resources creates synergistic effect. The emergence of this new concept is also changing the curriculum in educational institutions across the world. Multimedia is usually a combination of computerized and electronic devices that include a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactivity content forms as opposed to conventional media which use traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. The concept multimedia is based on the fact that audio and visual presentation of the material leads to improvement in the comprehension and retention. Various audiovisual equipments are emerging as one of the powerful pedagogical innovations in the teaching and learning process (Richard E. Mayer, 1999). Audiovisual aids communicate facts and ideas through the eyes to the mind and emotions. Visual aids include films, slides, videos, overhead projectors, photographs, models and charts. Audio aids communicate ideas through the form of music or tape recordings, television, records, sound films, etc. The modern set of audiovisual equipments synchronizes sound with vision in the most effective manner. They strengthen teachers verbal presentation while simultaneously helping students grasp the specific ideas. These aids keep the audience engrossed throughout the presentation and help them remember particular information (Ashton Zalzala, 2004). There are a variety of audiovisual aids givin g wide range of options to the user to select the most appropriate one. Various multimedia aids LCD Screen: Liquid Crystal Display television (LCD TV) is one of the most effective ways of audiovisual communications in the teaching-learning process, where the television sets use LCD technology to produce images. LCDs are the most widely produced and sold television technology today, pushing all other technologies into niche roles. Multimedia and 3D Projector: Its a video projector that takes a signal and multiplies an image on a projection screen using a lens. The projectors need bright light to project the image. Projectors are widely used for classroom training with live applications in many schools and educational institutes. It can be connected to an interactive white board, PCs, laptops in an interactive teaching learning process. The 3D projector, one of the most advanced methods has come up with new age technology. For displaying the graphical data, planar two-dimensional media is used, whereas in computer graphics and pictures 3D projector employed. With the pictures available in the presentation, students actually become able to speak and write on a topic, thereby, enhancing their language skills as well (Glenda C. Rakes, 2006). Interactive Whiteboard: Interactive White Board (IWB) or Electronic White Board is emerging as one of the powerful innovation in the teaching and learning process. It is a type of large interactive display that connects to a computer and projector including web browsers. The projector projects the computers desktop onto the boards surface. One of the major advantages with regard to IWB is high level of interaction associated with it. Students interact physically with the board, manipulating text and images, thereby, enhancing their learning. IWB enables the students to draw, write or making notes, drag and markup onto the surface controlling the PC. The combination of mouse and keyboard allows the students to control the computer display almost exclusively from the IWB. Further, IWB can also be integrated in the process of the Learner Response System which enables the teachers analyze the student performance. With these combined facilities, teachers can present a topic and receive feedback from students and subsequently, make their presentations more effective. IWB relieves teachers from their mundane work load as they can carry out formal assessments and tests through it. Additionally, internet conferencing through IWB takes the interaction beyond the boundaries of classroom. Students in India can learn Japanese from a teacher based in Japan using a large HDMI monitor along with a web connection.   Apart from this, many Universities/Institutions abroad have started conducting online interviews of aspiring candidates through video conferencing. Hence, technology has not only revolutionized the teaching learning process but also created a slew of opportunities for competent students by providing them online access to various premier institutes of the world. Hence, it has increased the availability of choice across the boundaries and students can exercise their choice and select the institution / programme of their choice according to their potential. INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY TO THE CLASSROOM Educationists are long debating on the role of technology in the classroom. Research in the area of educational technologies has been generally focused on the impact technologies can have on children and teachers. Ironically, the impact that children and teachers can have on the development of new technologies has been ignored.   Both the aspects are critical to understand the overall impact of technology on our learning environments.   According to a survey, the most common reason parents cite for buying home computers is their childrens education. Even the schools are graded on the basis of ratio of students to the computers.   This ratio is used to determine the ability of schools to provide quality education.  However, technology is not all about the number of desktops or laptops required in a classroom or how we can train teachers to use them.  Instead the focus should be on broader aspects viz., proper integration of technology into the curriculum, apt modification / generation of technology to support quality education in the classrooms.  Appropriate technology should be embedded in a classroom in such a way that it becomes a seamless part of any physical object in schools so that it can favorably change our learning environments. CREATION OF THE PAPERLESS SOCIETY With infusion of technology into the all the sectors of society, a paperless  society could soon become a reality. Gradually, students evaluation using the paper and pen method is being replaced by computer based tests. In distance education programs also, this is widely employed. The teachers no longer have to decipher handwriting and can quickly grade the tests and provide feedback to students. Further, teachers need not make copies of anything, but can push the information to the students tablets. THE OBSTACLES AND THE REMEDIES Availability. A potential barrier for spreading technology across the Indian education system is that in schools, computers are used in computer labs rather than classrooms. It has more to do with the financial resources available to schools and other institutes. Hence, initially the target should be pumping technology into maximum number of schools until gradually computers expand from the labs into classrooms. With growing financial prowess of Indian society and availability of technology at cheaper rates, computers and internet browsers are likely to reach rural hinterlands and then gradually shift from computer labs into individual classrooms. Training of teachers. Technology alone does not improve students achievements, rather trained teachers and authentic instructions are equal contributory factors (Johnson Dennis Jennifer Jo, 2005). To adapt to the newer technologies, teachers and school leaders need to participate in extensive professional development programmes to keep themselves up to date. The professional development activities include vendor provided face to face instructions on use of equipments and a part time instructional coach to assist teachers with professional development. Role of the Government. The experts opinion is that the Indian Government needs to play a much more active role and take the lead in technology implementation which will require a lot of funding. Though Government realizes that there is an urgent need for quality education in order to match international standards and is committed to allocate the funds, direct emphasis on need of technology is not given. Government must encourage and actively support the infusion of technology in schools as it is the only way to match the international standards in education sector. CONCLUSION The advent of new era of technology has revolutionized all the sectors including education. Extensive studies by various researchers have underlined that we must change the decades old tradition of static one way lecturing pattern in the classrooms and invent innovative classroom designs and strategies. With the integration of various advanced technological aids to classrooms we can give a new dimension to the entire teaching learning process. Various multimedia aids make teaching interesting, exciting and meaningful as instructions are presented to students in the form of sounds, animations and pictures. The most significant thing is that learning can be drastically improved with multimedia explanations than just with words. Multimedia presents various topics to the students in a meaningful and interesting way and the learners simply enjoy learning as these pictures and animations foster deep understanding. It enables the students understand the abstract concepts by seeing the pictu res and creating the real models in their minds. Additionally, it relieves the teachers of their additional responsibilities as they would be able to deliver the contents to students just with a click of mouse. They can take the instant feedback from students and then accordingly plan future strategies. Moreover, the multimedia technology can be extremely useful to us to realize our dream of paperless society. However, in developing countries like India where the basic primary education is also a distant dream for a large proportion of population, we need continuous concerted efforts from the Government as well as society in order to achieve the target of quality education integrated with technology for all.

Comparing Symbols and Symbolism in Blue Hotel, Black Cat, Night, Alfred

Color Symbolism in Blue Hotel,  Black Cat, Night,  Alfred Prufrock,  Red Wheelbarrow      Ã‚  Ã‚   Symbolism of colors is evident in much of literature. "The Blue Hotel" by Stephen Crane, "The Black Cat" of Edgar Allan Poe, "Night" by William Blake, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" by T. S. Eliot, and "The Red Wheelbarrow" by William Carlos Williams encompass examples of color symbolism from both the prose and the poetry of literature. When drawing from various modes of psychology, interpretations of various colors, with emphasis to dream psychology, an analysis of the colors themselves and then their applications to literature can be readily addressed.    "Colour is one of the areas in daily life in which symbolism is most readily apparent." (Fontana 66) The use of color as a source of symbolism is widespread and amidst the most traditional of sources which still possess symbolic qualities. Psychologically, colors derive such impact through relations to the natural world, such as the blue sky or a red rose. Dreams, being a prominent aspect of one's self, are often a theme in poetry, and therefore the representation of colors within dreams should be addressed. Symbolism of colors is also evident in much of literature. "The Blue Hotel" by Stephen Crane, "The Black Cat" of Edgar Allan Poe, "Night" by William Blake, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" by T. S. Eliot, and "The Red Wheelbarrow" by William Carlos Williams encompass examples of color symbolism from both the prose and the poetry of literature. When drawing from various modes of psychology, interpretations of various colors, with emphasis to dream psychology, an analysis of t he colors themselves and then their applications to literature can be readily addressed. ... ...ir innocence and purity.    In the final analysis, color symbolism reveals itself throughout various religions, dream psychology and even speech metaphorics. The incorporation of such symbolism into prose and poetry allows facets for many interpretations and ultimately the universality of literature. Works Cited Ackroyd, Eric. A Dictionary of Dream Symbols. London: Blandford, 1999. Crane, Ronald S., Ed. A Collection of English Poems. New York: Harper and Row, 1932. Fontana, David. The Secret Language of Symbols: A Visual Key to Symbols and Their Meanings. London: Duncan Baird Publishers, 1994. Roberts, Edgar V. and Jacobs, Henry E. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Upper Saddlr River: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998. Rodriguez, Celia. American Literature. Womack, Martha. The Poe Decoder. 1997.

Essay examples --

Canterbury Christ Church University College This is a report on the Canterbury Christ Church University College. The complete address of the University is given at the end of the report. The report discusses the background of the University and then the educational and the administrative activities of the University. Specific attention has been given to the BA (Hons) American Studies program. Canterbury Christ Church University College offers a wide range of undergraduate, postgraduate degree, diploma and professional courses such as social work, sociology, social policy, social science, psychology, criminology, social science, society and science. Number of students: Its student population numbers well over 12,000, including many mature and part-time students. Many of the College’s students are mature, with 50% aged thirty or over, partly reflecting the substantial amount of continuing professional development courses. Two thirds of students come from Canterbury and the res t of Kent. A small proportion of overseas students join the College and a number of staff participate in exchange programs with the USA or other countries.  The College is a Church of England Foundation with students of many faiths and of none amongst its members. Programs offered: Business and Science, Education, Health, Arts and Humanities. Diplomas, first and higher degrees and other postgraduate courses and research programs are offered. Some courses provide initial professional qualification such as those for teachers, nurses and social workers. Other work addresses the needs of existing practitioners for continuing professional development and advanced study. Teacher Training: The teacher training and nursing programs at Christ Church have long enjoyed a... ...ernational student. The IO also supports international students once they arrive in Canterbury, organizing an induction program and providing a focus for students during their stay at the College. The Student Support Officer is dedicated to international students' needs and arranges a social program including local excursions and visits to London and other European capitals. Staff: The College employs 1150 staff and generates an income of  £50 million for the economy of Kent.  Academic work is organized into four Faculties and an Associate Faculty:   Arts and Humanities Business and Sciences Education Health Salomons Associate Faculty, an associate faculty located at Tunbridge Wells. References Canterbury Campus Canterbury Christ Church University College North Holmes Road Canterbury Kent CT1 1QU United Kingdom http://www.cant.ac.uk/ (Accessed 13-05-03)

Analysis of Kubricks A Clockwork Orange Essay -- Clockwork Orange E

Analysis of Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film production of the Anthony Burgess novel, A Clockwork Orange, is a truly unforgettable film.   It is narrated by one of the most vicious characters ever put on screen, Alex DeLarge.   The promotional poster for the film advertised it as "The adventures of a young man whose principle interests are rape, ultra-violence, and Beethoven" (Dirks 1).   Needless to say, music plays a very important role in A Clockwork Orange.   The expressive use of music in this film gives the viewer a look into the psyche of the vicious Alex, a psyche that equates violence with art.   By doing so, the film shows us the complexity and duality of the human mind through a character who loves both the most refined art and the most brutal violence. One way that the film's music expresses Alex's twisted view of the world and of himself is by stylizing violent scenes, making them seem like a ballet.   Alex, who loves Beethoven, gets a sort of inspiration to commit violent acts from classical music.   A prime example of this is the scene in which Alex and his "droogs" are walking in slow motion along the flatblock marina outside Alex's home.   While Rossini's "The Thieving Magpie" plays, Alex says, "For now it was lovely music that came to my aid."   The music inspires Alex to take action, and he knocks both Georgie and Dim into the water of the marina.   All the while, the violent actions are filmed in slow motion--an aspect of the film which, along with the sounds of Rossini, gives the impression of a ballet-like performance.   The action taking place in this scene seems as if it is synchronized with the music, like a finely choreographed dance.   As the music builds to a climax, the scene's ... ...orce the contradiction of Alex's character.   In turn the film becomes disturbing, yet somewhat comical.   The viewer is drawn to love Alex for his wit and humor and to hate him for his brutality.   By doing this, A Clockwork Orange shows us that we are all contradictions of ourselves to some degree, and that the complex human psyche can love high art and brutal violence at the same time.    Works Cited A Clockwork Orange. Dir. Stanley Kubrick. Warner Bros. 1971. Dirks, Tim. "A Clockwork Orange." 12 April 2001. 19pp. (http://www.filmsite.org/cloc. html). Kagan, Norman. The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick. New York: Holt, Rinehart and   Winston, 1972. LoBrutto, Vincent. "The Old Ultra-Violence." American Cinematographer. 80.10   (1999): 52-6+. Sobchack, Vivian. "Dà ©cor as Theme: A Clockwork Orange." Literature/Film Quarterly   9.2 (1981): 92-102.

Going It Alone Essay

There are three main aspects of the theme ‘Going it Alone and these are Circumstance, Process and Consequences. â€Å"The Black Balloon† represents each of these three aspects through the characters within the film and these are enhanced by the techniques used by the director Ellisa Downs. Circumstance is all about why you are going it alone. It can be a choice to reject the conformist attitudes and values of society or it can be something that has been forced upon you. Within the first scene of ‘The Black Balloon’ Elissa Downs uses the symbolism of the neighbours watching from behind windows and across the street. This symbolism creates empathy for the protagonist. This shows that Thomas and his family are and have been judged by the modern society due to their difference. The young kids insults within the first scene are an example of colloquial or vernacular language, this accurately reflects the crude nature of some kids today. This shows us that prejudice can be a main cause of being forced to ‘Go it Alone’. Within the second scene of the film ‘Thomas’ First day of School’ Thomas is wearing boardies contrasted against the other boys who are wearing speedos. It is a metaphor for the already forged division between Thomas and the other boys in his class and acknowledges that he is an outsider. All of these techniques show us that ‘Going it Alone’ is something that can be forced upon us and is not always chosen. * Going it Alone can definitely be detrimental to individuals emotional wellbeing. The experience of going it alone can impact on the values, beliefs and character of an individual. It may also involve the compromise of values or the loss of significant relationship. * Within the scene ‘By The River’ Downs uses the symbolism of Thomas’ relationship with Jacquie, it is almost like she is a bridge to the outside world and a way to escape his family. Another technique within this scene is the montage of shots within the army base, this shows the growth of understanding Jacquie undergoes and how their relationship grows. ‘Going it Alone has provided a chance for positive personal growth for both Thomas and Jacquie. These techniques show us that ‘Going it Alone’ can provide us with very positive things like stronger relationships and opportunity for personal growth. Going it Alone can provide physical and emotional distance in order to bring about new understandings, knowledge and skills. These are very positive consequences of ‘Going it Alone’, but there are also very negative consequences. Within the scene of ‘By the River’ Thomas and Jacquie lying on the ground. The framing is symmetrical and emphasizes proximity and intimacy. This demonstrate the benefits and mutuality of going it alone. Both have gone alone (from family and circumstance) but have gained a positive bond in the process. The rain serves as an additional motif of cleansing to reflect the power of their relationship to help provide a new perspective on the difficulties they have had â€Å"going it alone†. These three aspects combine to show the concept of ‘Going it Alone’ in the film the Black Balloon. Ellissa Downs uses common techniques such as camera angles, framing and montage to shape the meaning of the concept of ‘Going it Alone’.

Phases of Tragedy in Blood Diamond †the Movie Essay

Complete innocence describes the hero to be dignified, because of their innocence. Their pride and strength is overpowered by something they cannot control. In the movie Blood Diamond, Soloman walks his son to school. Showing a typical, I deal way to show complete innocence. Also showing a perfect father/son relationship before all the rebels came. With this scene showing a father and his son sharing a joke on the way to school it is shown to be innocent fun, which is a perfect example of complete innocence at the beginning of the movie. When young and innocent people first encounter realities of adulthood it is known as inexperience. A central character will live so the action closes with an adjustment to mature experience. In the movie when Danny was young he was brought up believing that the war was just about fighting against communism. As you can see in the movie, Danny has now discovered the conflict diamonds are the reason for the war. When Danny tries to smuggle diamonds, and goes to see his friend at a vineyard it shows that he has learned and has mature experience. Continuing through the stages of tragedy we see a completion of an ideal. Despite a tragic end because of the successful victory, a sense of peace is shown after the hero’s death because of a final accomplishment. Ain the final scene with Danny you see that Soloman reunited with his son. Danny knew he would die, so he made amends by calling Maddie, and giving Soloman the diamond that he worked so hard to get. Even though Danny died some peace was restored and Soloman and Maddie gave him the credit he deserved when Maddie wrote her article. Even though our hero can complete his quests, he/she has their own faults. From innocence to experience throughout stories we see our hero’s fault, but by the time they realize their faults it is too late to change. Danny knew that diamond smuggling was illegal and also wrong, but he did it anyways. In the end Danny gets shot and is in extreme pain. He only then realizes that it was all because of him contributing in the diamond smuggling. Danny did manage to regain some loyalty when he handed Soloman the diamond and told Soloman and his son to leave him there to die, so that they could escape with the diamond together. The natural law, known as fate, also takes a toll on heroes. Overshadowing the heroes/heroines and allowing the audience to look down on the action. When Soloman was at the fence there were so many people that the chance of seeing his family was slim to none. Fate clearly took part when he happened to see his family on the other side of the fence. Fate was showing Soloman that his family was still alive, so he could still try to save them. To make the audience even more sympathetic we enter a world of shock and horror. Our hero receives punishment or torture, possibly humiliation, so deep they cannot achieve a heroic pose. At the start of the movie Soloman’s village was torn to pieces. Others in the village were shot or had their hands cut off. The young boys were taken to the mines. Unnecessary torture was demonstrated to his village which was truly a world of shock and horror.

Principles of Learning David Robertson

As the Course Lecturer for the Automotive Department at Newcastle College it is my duty, and end, to guarantee that the basic underpinning cognition ( both practical and theoretical ) of Motor Vehicle Engineering is delivered to the pupils of the section so they may fix, either for City and Guilds scrutiny, or employment in a local motor vehicle constitution. Many weighty volumes have been penned with respect to the annoyed inquiry of Learning Theories in instruction, their supposed benefits, and their effects upon larning and whether they exist as separate entities at all. However, before any decisions can be arrived at, an apprehension of the assorted theories, their chief supporters and their consequence upon larning will necessitate to be grasped. After a casual probe into the single theory I will follow up with my ideas as to the deductions in relation to my peculiar country of instruction. Prior to this analysis it is necessary to supply an overview of the acquisition manners presently used in the field of Education These manners fall into three groups: A/ Cognitive- In the Cognitive manner pupils gain theoretical cognition through the airing of information normally in a category based environment. This is extremely relevant to drive vehicle technology as the topic is inherently complex. B/ Psychomotor- In the Psychomotor manner pupils are required to show a scope of practical workshop based accomplishments. This is critical in that the topic is one that demands a grade of manual sleight. C/ Affective- In the Affective manner pupils learn how to carry on themselves perform and follow the right attitude in a workshop environment. This is merely a instance of endurance ; a workshop is a potentially unsafe topographic point to be in. All of the above manners are, to changing grades and dependent upon the lesson in inquiry, employed in the theories listed below. Learning theories, or rules of acquisition, have been developed ( sometimes over decennaries ) and honed to better the instructors apprehension of the procedure of pupil acquisition. Therefore, instructors require an apprehension of these rules, which highlight countries where pupils are most likely to associate to, and so learn from. These rules include the Fieldss of:CognitivismBehaviorismHumanitarianismGestaltSocial LearningWe as instructors, sometimes without cognizing it, be given to accommodate our manner of bringing to suit these rules subconsciously. However, with an apprehension of these rules combined with a background cognition of the pupils themselves, such rules, as listed above, could good better the manner in which a lesson is delivered, and so, accordingly, better the acquisition of the pupils.CognitivismThe group of educationists, known jointly as the Cognitivists, among whom are the noteworthy figures of Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner and Lev Vygotsky topographic point major accent on the pupils themselves and how they get, and mentally organize, the cognition they gain, in consequence how they â€Å" know † the universe around them. The over all procedure is a complex system of unseeable mental activities working together to bring forth a nett addition in understanding. Basically, it is about thought, deriving cognition, retrieving and concluding. Pioneering work in the field of cognitive development was chiefly done with kids in an effort to understand how they learn, so cognitive development can be viewed as the growing of logical thought over clip ( state as the kid matures ) and with due mention to the scholars environment from childhood to adulthood. Professor J.Bruner termed this as a signifier of â€Å" scaffolding † , whereby an grownup would bit by bit take the support built up around the kid ( or older scholar ) as they become more able to understand, or maestro, a peculiar undertaking. The Russian Marxist Philosopher Lev Vygotsky nevertheless ( working in pre WWII Russia ) , given he is in the Cognitivist cantonment, did non utilize the staging theory at all, alternatively he developed a parallel theory called The Zone of Proximal Development in which the scholar is at the Centre of a group of homocentric circles, with what is already known at the Centre and what is to be learned radiating out in rings. The overall construct is that the scholar, with aid from either older kids or grownups, moves ( via direction ) from the interior countries to the outer thereby deriving cognition and proficiency. This is reinforced by Reece & A ; Walker who province â€Å" Students do non simply receive information, but actively make a form of what it means to them † . ( Reece & A ; Walker 2003 p86 ) In the Cognitive attack to instruction, cognition is viewed as symbolic and as the overall consequence of larning while larning itself occurs through the repeat of a peculiar undertaking. The pupil is encouraged and motivated to experiment, from which they will hopefully deduce a sense of accomplishment. With mention to my learning the Cognitive attack is clearly apparent, and so it lends itself ideally to the country as job resolution and experimentation ( for illustration reiterating a undertaking until proficient ) is a major tool in the assessment procedure of my scholars. An illustration of this is when a peculiar pupil listens to my verbal bringing, so understands the construct and eventually remembers the solution to a job ; besides if they can hold on the logical thinking behind the job so they will hold fulfilled all four standards for cognitive acquisition. They can so come on and utilize this maintained cognition to work out other, more complex, Motor Vehicle Engineering inquiries. The of import thing to retrieve is that my scholars are non inactive in this state of affairs, but originative in footings of what the instruction and acquisition agencies to them, they are active participants in the acquisition procedure, utilizing their cognitive accomplishments to understand a fresh state of affairs.BehaviorismAs Curzon ( 1997 p36 ) states â€Å" Behaviourism arose as a reaction to larning being interpreted as mere mental operation † . The Behaviourist attack to acquisition is based on a chiefly nineteenth century construct that following a scientific attack to the survey of human existences, and their responses to outside stimulations, may good supply an penetration into how people learn. It was to a great extent influenced by animate being experiments ( a front-runner of many behaviorists ) which demonstrated the consequence on encephalon forms of controlled conditions and stimulation ; it was further argued that this could be carried over to worlds. The Russian Physicist Pavlov ( 1849-1936 ) is best known for his experiments with Canis familiariss. Basically, he linked a specific sound with the proviso of nutrient which caused the Canis familiaris to salivate. After some clip he discovered that the mere sound would do the Canis familiaris to salivate, so reenforcing the theory that a stimulation based response was taking topographic point in the Canis familiaris. However when this was carried over to conditional human responses the ability of worlds to utilize linguistic communication to pass on â€Å" muddied the Waterss † slightly as this accomplishment interfered with pure inherent aptitudes based responses. He concluded that worlds have fewer inherent aptitudes than animate beings ( or instead the 1s we had have been eroded by development ) hence human behavior is governed by conditional responses. He besides believed that mental phenomenon could be dealt with objectively and scientifically when it is seen as discernible and mensurable behavior. John B Watson was another chief advocate of the Behaviourist school of idea in relation to human acquisition. He thought that behavior could be modified through the actions of assorted stimulations upon the individual and that, as a effect, the person in inquiry could be â€Å" conditioned † through these stimulations to bring on a alteration in behavior so prima to larning taking topographic point. In my instruction I use the procedure of giving feedback as a signifier of encouragement, and sometimes dispute, whether it is in the signifier of verbal congratulations, following a direct inquiry aimed at a peculiar pupil or in a written mode after measuring an assignment. I have found that positive feedback from me will take to better future work, and an increased degree of assurance, from the pupil. So in this manner a stimulations based response system is productive in my field. Positive feedback is an about guaranteed manner of bring oning larning in a pupil but this has to be tempered by the times when I have to be critical of the work of a pupil, it is a equilibrating act, on my portion, to happen the right degree of stimulations ( feedback ) to promote a pupil without detering them by being excessively critical. Sometimes a critical feedback study from me is designed, and worded, to advance a response in the peculiar pupil as if I am throwing down a challenge to them to better.HumanitarianismThe Humanist acquisition rule, or Humanism, grew out of a sense of dissatisfaction with other larning theories, particularly Behaviourism. The humanistic Psychologist Abraham Maslow ( 1890-1970 ) believed a scholar ‘s physiological demands, safety demands and the sense of belonging to a group had to be fulfilled before the motive to larn was realised, and his now celebrated ‘Hierarchy of Needs ‘ pyramid high spots this in item, runing, as it does, from the basic demands of nutrient and shelter at the base up to self-actualisation at the vertex. Maslow confirmed this, as quoted by Curzon ( 1997 p121 ) who states that â€Å" instruction has the undertaking of assisting each individual to go the best that he is able to go † . Among his beliefs were that scientific psychological science was inherently unfertile and dehumanising, he argued that people should be viewed as whole human existences and that the function of the instructor was to assist, rede and steer the pupil towards understanding. The basic needs nevertheless ( at the base of the pyramid ) are chiefly issues beyond the instructors ‘ control. However, Kyriacou ( 1998 p72 ) states â€Å" the increasing consciousness of the importance of furthering students ‘ ego regard has been a major development over the old ages † . This holistic attack to instruction pioneered by Maslow was shared by Carl Rogers who proposed that larning should be student find led. Building upon the consensus that pupils retain about 5 % of instruction delivered strictly by talk and that they retain a great trade more if the pupil finds out, or discovers, the information for themselves. Rogers called for the â€Å" humanization of the schoolroom † in order to make the ideal environment for acquisition. In relation to my learning the humanistic attack to acquisition has the undermentioned deductions: The demand to put the room environment in a mode contributing to larning ( so at least trying to carry through Maslow ‘s most basic demands ) for illustration warming, illuming and chair agreement to name but three is non ever possible for logistical grounds. I need to move as a facilitator, or conduit, through which pupil acquisition can happen. In other words become a resource for the pupils to use and work. There is a demand to integrate my ain experiences of the topic into the lesson bringing, but some of my â€Å" narratives † loose something in the relation. All the clip non burying that I am the instructor and the pupils are at College to larn through my direction so at that place will necessarily be a certain grade of farness on my portion even if merely for the fact that I can ne'er be a portion of the group wholly, there is, and has to be, a limit line between instructor and pupil. For this ground entirely ( if no other ) the Humanism theory of instruction is one that I do non favor in its classical complete sense. However parts of it I can, and do, utilize for illustration I find it benefits most groups if I adopt the â€Å" older brother † ethos on occasion instead than ever portraying the distant instructor.GestaltGestalt ( from the German for structured form ) is the school of educational thought concerned with following an overall position to acquisition, in other words the whole is greater than the amount of the single parts. Gestaltists believe that understanding demands consciousness, on the portion of the pupil, of th e relationship between assorted facts and how they interrelate to bring forth an overall image. Previous experiences in the life of the scholar will assist to lend to the procedure of apprehension, but the existent procedure of thought is more of import than mere callback. Understanding, harmonizing to Gestaltists, is based upon a procedure known as Insight. Insight is non a lucky conjecture, arrived at by mere opportunity, but is when a pupil all of a sudden becomes cognizant of the solution to a job ; the â€Å" light bulb above the caput † or the â€Å" penny dropping † seems to sum up the state of affairs absolutely. Something that, on the surface, is an bete noire to repetitive or rote acquisition. It is fundamentally the gaining, or acquisition, and keeping of penetration, by the pupil, that is at the bosom of the theory of Gestalt. Besides the choice and retrieval of information is indispensable if other, new constructions of perceptual experience are to be created. The thought is that the instructor must construction larning during the lesson so that scholars reach an overview, detect inter-relationships, and can therefore pattern independent productive thought. In the world of my mundane learning the whole construct of leting the pupil to come across the correct reply by penetration is to state the least impractical. Faced with a group of Motor Vehicle pupils fighting to hold on the complexnesss of the internals of a auto engine and stating to them that the reply will come if merely they had insight is unusually brave of any teacher Lashkar-e-Taiba alone me. This may good work on a one to one footing when I, the instructor, have the clip to give but with a big category, of changing ability, it is a non-starter in footings of a instruction scheme.Social LearningBesides known as the Social Cognitive Theory, this peculiar field of involvement narrows in on how people learn in a societal context or, in other words, the procedure whereby people gain cognition through societal interaction either by talking to, detecting, or following the illustration of another individual, or group of people, in a societal ( or vocational ) scene. An illustration of Social Learning ( that most people will hold undergone ) is when a new employee is inducted into the ethos of their new employer. The innovators of Social Learning Theory ( among whom are the honored figures of A. Bandura, J. Lave and E. Wenger ) propose that the group state of affairs is ideal for breeding larning via the persons in that group working together to accomplish a common end. Inevitably, in any group, there will be a broad assortment of anterior acquisition or experience but it is this really diverseness that is the strength of this peculiar theory. Because a diverse scope of people are â€Å" thrown † together in a group state of affairs this requires them to speak, interact, communicate & A ; acquire involved in the job in inquiry hopefully taking to a solution to the job and bring oning a alteration in behavior ( larning ) in the persons. Because the group have a inquiry to reply this is the foundation upon which duologue is built and, as Lindeman ( 1926 p86 ) says: â€Å" Active engagement in interesting personal businesss furnishes proper stimulations for rational growing † . In my instruction I use the Social Learning attack rather frequently. I find that a group work state of affairs will normally be more productive in footings of retained larning than a talk based bringing manner. I see myself as more of a ‘facilitator ‘ than a ‘teacher ‘ in these Sessionss, by steering the pupils towards accomplishing larning by their ain, co-operative, attempts. I simply lay the foundations for the session by presenting certain inquiries and so ‘taking a spot of a back place ‘ as it were, all the clip monitoring advancement. At the terminal of the allowed clip for the exercising I will draw together the ideas from the disparate groups hopefully reenforcing the acquisition that has taken topographic point and rounding up any accomplishment in the session. Of the instruction theories illustrated above I have found that I personally favour the Cognitivist attack ; it has good deductions for my instruction, it lends itself ideally to the instruction of Engineering although the other theories are, to changing grades, helpful ( except Gestalt ) depending upon the peculiar acquisition activity in inquiry. Understanding the assorted larning theories can be utile, if non indispensable, in integrating different learning methods into the lessons. I recognise that over clip I teach, and deliver in, all of the larning countries nevertheless, concentrating on the most appropriate country ( and pupil larning manner ) should assist to better the success of my instruction.