Examining Ethnic Differences in Achievemen Essay

1. The definition of an pagan group is a group of people of the like race or nationality that shargon the same cultural norms and values. 2. Three moods in which the education musical arrangement may encourage separation between children of several(predicate) ethnic backgrounds are Labelling and teacher racism, some(prenominal) teachers mark off their students and studies by interactionist sociologists make up out that many teachers labelled color children as disruptive and they didnt necessity them in their class. A nonher mind is the ethnocentric curriculum.Troyna and Williams describe the curriculum in British schools as ethnocentric because it gives priority to white culture and the English language this causes separation between white pupils and other ethnic pupils. A final primer coat is the occupyion and segregation available to schools. David Gillborn surrounds that marketization has given schools greater scope to select pupils. This puts few ethnic minority pu pils at a disadvantage because selection gives more(prenominal) scope for negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school admissions.3. There are many ways in which factors in childrens home background may lead to differences in achievement levels between ethnic groups. The first way is cultural deprivation this is split into 3 aspects. The first is intellectual and linguistic skills. Cultural deprivation theorists argue that many children from low-income b lose families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences. Bereiter and Engelmann consider the language spoken by low-income bleak American families as inadequate for educational success.The next aspect is attitudes and values. Cultural deprivation theorists say that some black children are brotherlyised into a subculture that instils a fatalistic live for toady attitude that does not value education and leaves them unequipped for success. The final aspect of cultural deprivation is family structure and parental support. Daniel Moynihan argues that because many black families are headed by a lone mother, their children are deprived of adequate care because she has to deal financially in the absence of a mannish breadwinner.Also Ken Pryce claims that Asians are higher achievers because their cukture is more resistant to racism and gives them a greater sense of self-worth. However, he argues, black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and less resistant to racism. As a result, many balck pupils have low self-esteem and under-achieve. Another reason is Material deprivation and class. According to Flaherty Pakistanis and East Pakistanis are over three times more likely than whites to be in the poorest fifth of the population, as a result statistics show that Pakistani and Bangladeshi boys are among the lowest ethnic groups in the country to obtain 5 A-C GCSEs.A final reason is racism in wider society. David Mason says difference is a continuing and persistent feature of the experie nce of Britains citizens of minority ethnic origin. 4. The differences in educational attainment between different groups of pupils have been a study focus of much sociological research. These differences can often be seen to be largely collectible to different social class, but also gender or ethnicity. Social class is the most significant and dominating factor when looking at these differences, but ethnicity also has a relative impact on educational achievement.Education has a key role to play in eradicating racism and valuing diversity and it a business for all educational establishments, including those with few or no ethnic minority pupils. Promoting racial equality demands a whole school approach and commitment from all those who are involved in the life and feat of their school. Racism is linked to the educational achievement of minority ethnic groups, however the connections are complex.Gilborn and Mirza conclude that social class and gender differences are also associ ated with differences in attainment but neither can cipher for persistent underlying ethnic inequalities comparing like with like, African Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils do not enjoy equal opportunities. They also argue that in promoting educational inclusion as a actor of raising standards, there is a need for clarity and guidance in translating the commitment to equality and inclusion into policy proposals and practice at the local and school level.Many cultural deprivation theorists see the lack of intellectual and linguistic skills as a major cause of under-achievement. Gordon Bowker identifies their lack of standard English as a major barrier to progress in education and integration into wider society. However the Swann Report found that language was not a major factor in under-achievement. Other cultural deprivation theorists suc as Charles Murray argue that a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of demonstrable male role models lead to the under-achieveme nt of some minorities.Also Anthony Flew believes that ethnic differences in achievement stem from cultural differences remote the education system, not discrimination within it. However Geoffrey Driver criticises the cultural deprivation theory for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. He shows that the black Caribbean family, far from being dysfunctional, provides girls with positive role models of strong free lance wome Driver argues this is why black girls tend to be more successful in education than black boys.Some socilogists that the ethnic differences in education are cause by racism. John Rex shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and how this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities. In housing, for instance, discrimination means that minorities are more likely to be forced into substandard acoomodation than white people of the same class. This creates separation due to the ethnic children not being able to study at home and t herefore getting degrade grades than the white children who are able to study at home.